Implementation of PZEM-004T and LoRa for Internet of Things–Based Monitoring of Power Supply Sources in Laboratory Building
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/mandiri.v14i2.457Keywords:
Blynk, ESP32, Internet Of Things, LoRa, PZEM-004TAbstract
This research develops an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system to monitor electrical voltage parameters in two rooms of the Telecommunication Laboratory at Medan State Polytechnic. The system employs two sensor nodes (PZEM-004T, ESP32, and LoRa SX1276) and a gateway node integrated with WiFi and the Blynk cloud. The sensors measure voltage, current, power, energy consumption, frequency, and power factor, which are processed by ESP32 and transmitted via a LoRa multi-point network to the gateway for online monitoring. An automatic cut-off mechanism and email notifications are provided when abnormal voltage or current conditions occur. Experimental results show high measurement accuracy with a maximum error of 0.29% for voltage and 2.52% for current. However, data transmission experienced 20% packet loss, with an average delay of 11 seconds on Blynk and 37 seconds for email notifications. These findings indicate that the proposed system is effective in protecting laboratory equipment from abnormal power sources and provides reliable online and offline monitoring, although transmission performance requires further optimization.
References
Abed, I., & Naser, H. (2020). ESP32 Microcontroller Based Smart Power Meter System Design and Implementation. Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ), 25(2), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2020.127111.1038
Ahmed, M. A., Gallardo, J. L., Zuniga, M. D., Pedraza, M. A., Carvajal, G., Jara, N., & Carvajal, R. (2022). LoRa Based IoT Platform for Remote Monitoring of Large-Scale Agriculture Farms in Chile. Sensors, 22(8), 2824. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082824
Arias Velásquez, R. M., & Mejía Lara, J. V. (2019). Explosion of power capacitors in a change of transformers with reactive power compensation. Engineering Failure Analysis, 106, 104181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.104181
B, G., & George, S. (2021). IoT Based Smart Energy Management System using Pzem-004t Sensor & Node MCU. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 9(7), 45–48. https://www.amazon.in/Easy-Electronics-16x2-
Babanezhad, M., Arabi Nowdeh, S., Abdelaziz, A. Y., AboRas, K. M., & Kotb, H. (2022). Reactive power based capacitors allocation in distribution network using mathematical remora optimization algorithm considering operation cost and loading conditions. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(12), 10511–10526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2022.04.009
BHUYAN, M. K., Kamruzzaman, M., Nilima, S. I., KHATOON, R., & Mohammad, N. (2024). Convolutional Neural Networks Based Detection System for Cyber-attacks in Industrial Control Systems. Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies, 6(3), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.32996/jcsts.2024.6.3.9
Bouguera, T., Diouris, J. F., Chaillout, J. J., Jaouadi, R., & Andrieux, G. (2018). Energy consumption model for sensor nodes based on LoRa and LoRaWAN. Sensors (Switzerland), 18(7), 2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072104
Chanwattanapong, W., Hongdumnuen, S., Kumkhet, B., Junon, S., & Sangmahamad, P. (2021). LoRa Network Based Multi-Wireless Sensor Nodes and LoRa Gateway for Agriculture Application. Proceedings - 2021 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress: Innovation Electricals and Electronics, RI2C 2021, 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C51727.2021.9559804
Cui, Y., Liu, F., Jing, X., & Mu, J. (2021). Integrating Sensing and Communications for Ubiquitous IoT: Applications, Trends, and Challenges. IEEE Network, 35(5), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.010.2100152
Despa, D., Nama, G. F., Muhammad, M. A., & Anwar, K. (2018). The Implementation Internet of Things(IoT) Technology in Real Time Monitoring of Electrical Quantities. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 335(1), 12063. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/335/1/012063
Dinh, H. T., Yun, J., Kim, D. M., Lee, K. H., & Kim, D. (2020). A Home Energy Management System with Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Utilizing Main Grid and Electricity Selling. IEEE Access, 8, 49436–49450. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2979189
Ghiasi, M., Esmaeilnamazi, S., Ghiasi, R., & Fathi, M. (2020). Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Evaluating Technical and Economic Efficiency of Power Quality. Technology and Economics of Smart Grids and Sustainable Energy, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40866-019-0073-1
Iqbal, J., Khan, M., Talha, M., Farman, H., Jan, B., Muhammad, A., & Khattak, H. A. (2018). A generic internet of things architecture for controlling electrical energy consumption in smart homes. Sustainable Cities and Society, 43, 443–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.09.020
Lee, H. C., & Ke, K. H. (2018). Monitoring of Large-Area IoT Sensors Using a LoRa Wireless Mesh Network System: Design and Evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 67(9), 2177–2187. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2018.2814082
Onibonoje, M. O., Nwulu, N. I., & Bokoro, P. N. (2019). An Internet-of-Things Design Approach to Real-Time Monitoring and Protection of a Residential Power System. Proceedings of 2019 the 7th International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering, SEGE 2019, 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEGE.2019.8859879
Puckett, S. C. (2023). Design of secure, low-power Internet of Medical Things with precise time synchronization. The University of Alabama in Huntsville.
Sari, Y., Mustamin, N. F., Maulida, M., Baskara, A. R., Wijaya, E. S., Maulidyanto, M. T., Alkaff, M., & Ariyadi, M. (2024). Comparing the Accuracy of INA219, PZEM-004T, and MAX471 Sensors for Measuring Current and Voltage of Internet of Things-Based Solar Panels. 2024 9th International Conference on Informatics and Computing, ICIC 2024, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIC64337.2024.10956405
Sarkar, M. N. I., Meegahapola, L. G., & Datta, M. (2018). Reactive power management in renewable rich power grids: A review of grid-codes, renewable generators, support devices, control strategies and optimization Algorithms. IEEE Access, 6, 41458–41489. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2838563
Wang, J., Varshney, N., Gentile, C., Blandino, S., Chuang, J., & Golmie, N. (2022). Integrated Sensing and Communication: Enabling Techniques, Applications, Tools and Data Sets, Standardization, and Future Directions. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(23), 23416–23440. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2022.3190845
Yasa, K. A., Purbhawa, I. M., Yasa, I. M. S., Teresna, I. W., Nugroho, A., & Winardi, S. (2023). IoT-based Electrical Power Recording using ESP32 and PZEM-004T Microcontrollers. Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies, 5(4), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.32996/jcsts.2023.5.4.7
Zourmand, A., Kun Hing, A. L., Wai Hung, C., & Abdulrehman, M. (2019). Internet of Things (IoT) using LoRa technology. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems, I2CACIS 2019 - Proceedings, 324–330. https://doi.org/10.1109/I2CACIS.2019.8825008
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Regina Sirait, Morlan Pardede, Elferida Hutajulu, Junaidi Junaidi, Stephanie Ch Y Pardede, Arnold Pakpahan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
